When metals react with water, metal … Now with that out of the way, for a given acid, the reaction with a metal … If proteins that contain amino acids with aromatic rings are present, the mixture turns yellow. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids introduces a nitro substituent onto various aromatic compounds by electrophilic aromatic substitution. With fluoride or chloride ions. The magnesium ribbon reacts vigorously with each acid. [23] It is also used to clean glass before silvering when making silver mirrors. He used a high voltage battery and non-reactive electrodes and vessels such as gold electrode cones that doubled as vessels bridged by damp asbestos.[32]. Soda and other fizzy drinks contain which type of acid? The hydroxyl group will typically strip a hydrogen from the organic molecule to form water, and the remaining nitro group takes the hydrogen's place. As a general rule, oxidizing reactions occur primarily with the concentrated acid, favoring the formation of … 3. Reaction with non-metallic elements, with the exceptions of nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases, silicon, and halogens other than iodine, usually oxidizes them to their highest oxidation states as acids with the formation of nitrogen dioxide for concentrated acid and nitric oxide for dilute acid. The metals like Cu,Au,Ag are less reactive than hydrogen.They do not displace hydrogen from dilute acids. [17], Nitric acid has been used in various forms as the oxidizer in liquid-fueled rockets. Nitric oxide is then reacted with oxygen in air to form nitrogen dioxide. The more bubbles appear, the faster the gas escapes the mixture. It does, if the nitric acid is dilute. depending upon the concentration of the acid, reaction temperature and activity of the metal with which it is reacting. Copper metal react with hot and concentrated sulphuric acid but no hydrogen gas is produced. Nitric acid was pumped out from a glass[36] pipe that was sunk down to the bottom of the pot. In elemental analysis by ICP-MS, ICP-AES, GFAA, and Flame AA, dilute nitric acid (0.5–5.0%) is used as a matrix compound for determining metal traces in solutions. False . A adding an excess of concentrated sulfuric acid to propan-1-ol B adding warm aqueous sodium hydroxide to 2-bromopropane C adding warm ethanolic sodium hydroxide to 1-bromopropane D passing propan-2-ol vapour over heated aluminium oxide why is the answer B?? Log in Join now 1. Nitric acid is used as a cheap means in jewelry shops to quickly spot low-gold alloys (< 14 karats) and to rapidly assess the gold purity. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Answer: a → F, b → T, c → F, d → F. Question 5: Some properties are listed in the following Table. With nitric acid, sulphuric acid is formed and the nitric acid is reduced to brown nitrogen IV Oxide. This activity studies the reaction between metals and acids by dropping some zinc granules into dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid. The salt of the metal is named following the rules you learned in Unit 1 of the course. With these non-active or less electropositive metals the products depend on temperature and the acid concentration. General equation. It will oxidize sulfur and phoshorous too, forming sulfuric and phosphoric acids. This means that the nitric acid in diluted solution is fully dissociated except in extremely acidic solutions. Like acids that are not diluted, when exploring what happens when metals react with acids, not all metals will. Concentrated nitric acid stains human skin yellow due to its reaction with the keratin. C s + S s CS 2 g. Reactions with acids. Such distillations must be done with all-glass apparatus at reduced pressure, to prevent decomposition of the acid. With more concentrated nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide is produced directly in a reaction with 1:4 stoichiometry: Upon reaction with nitric acid, most metals give the corresponding nitrates. Metals – reactions with acids; reactivity series. A base that dissolves in water is known as an? 2. If you want to practice more MCQs, click on START A NEW TEST button. In those cases, all you get produced are the steamy fumes of the hydrogen halide - hydrogen fluoride or hydrogen chloride. Production from one deposit was 800 tons per year.[36][37]. It is usually stored in a glass shatterproof amber bottle with twice the volume of head space to allow for pressure build up, but even with those precautions the bottle must be vented monthly to release pressure. Many explosives, such as TNT, are prepared this way: Either concentrated sulfuric acid or oleum absorbs the excess water. Coal can be drawn into wires. An older density scale is occasionally seen, with concentrated nitric acid specified as 42° Baumé.[5]. While the pure acid tends to give off white fumes when exposed to air, acid with dissolved nitrogen dioxide gives off reddish-brown vapors, leading to the common names "red fuming nitric acid" and "white fuming nitric acid". Log in Join now Secondary School. Nitration of organic compounds with nitric acid is the primary method of synthesis of many common explosives, such as nitroglycerin and trinitrotoluene (TNT). ISO 14104 is one of the standards detailing this well known procedure. A. Nitric acid is used either in combination with hydrochloric acid or alone to clean glass cover slips and glass slides for high-end microscopy applications. They will all, however, react with bases such as sodium hydroxide to form salts such as sodium sulfate as explored in detail below. Hot concentrated nitric acid and carbon reaction. skin and flesh). The aggressiveness of the reaction is measured by the amount of time it takes for gas to escape the solution. Non-metals have low density, low melting point and low boiling point. Description . Fe (s) + 2 HCl (aq) —-> FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound when a lightened matchstick is brought near the mouth of test-tube. C + O 2 → CO 2. acids with metal oxides. Further concentration to 98% can be achieved by dehydration with concentrated H2SO4. 2 Al (s) + 3 H 2 SO 4 (aq) 2 Al 3+ (aq) + 2 SO 4 2− (aq) + 3 H 2 (g) [2] 2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) 2 Al 3+ (aq) + 6 Cl − (aq) + 3 H 2 (g) [2] Reaction of aluminium with air. 3. Cast iron cathodes were sunk into the peat surrounding it. This nascent oxygen oxidises metals, non-metals, organic and inorganic compounds. Depending on the acid concentration, temperature and the reducing agent involved, the end products can be variable. Lemons contain which type of acid? As it decomposes to NO2 and water, it obtains a yellow tint. The released gas can be ignited if it is released into an oxygenated environment. ? Chemistry. if metal reacts with concentter.ated than the metal would not be able to react and will not form new substance. Copper displaces zinc from zinc sulphate solution. This method of production is still in use today. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H 2 O. acids with metal carbonates. Since nitric acid has both acidic and basic properties, it can undergo an autoprotolysis reaction, similar to the self-ionization of water: Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal. Sulfuric acid should be a concentrated, heated solution. Dilute - low value for moles/liter. A similar procedure was described by Ball et al. With cabon, Sulphur combines to from carbon disulphide which is very poisonous. Kinetics of metal reaction in nitric acid, and maybe the possibility of formation of different reaction gaseous products (N 2 O, N 2, NO, NO 2, NH 3, and H 2,) are also influenced by the shape of metal; for example, a piece of thin wire or powder. Industrially, highly concentrated nitric acid is produced by dissolving additional nitrogen dioxide in 68% nitric acid in an absorption tower. Start studying Year 7 Reactions - Acids & Alkalis and Metals & non-metals. When metals react with acids, a salt of the metal and hydrogen gas are formed. Acids will react with reactive metals,such as magnesium and zinc,to make out salt and hydrogen.the hydrogen causes bubbling during the reaction.It can be detected using a light splint,which causes the gases to burn with a squeaky pop. H 2 SO 4(l) + S (s)? On distillation, {nitric acid vaporize first, i ... C. Reaction of HNO 3 with non-metals: Dilute HNO 3 has no action with non-metals and metalloids {eg. Concentrated nitric acid oxidizes I2, P4, and S8 into HIO3, H3PO4, and H2SO4, respectively. Normally, the nitric oxide produced by the reaction is reoxidized by the oxygen in air to produce additional nitrogen dioxide. This is subsequently absorbed in water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide. In electrochemistry, nitric acid is used as a chemical doping agent for organic semiconductors, and in purification processes for raw carbon nanotubes. Zinc + sulfuric acid zinc sulfate + hydrogen gas. Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture in 2005, online at History of Science and Technology in Islam, "On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity", "The Production of Nitrates by the Direct Electrolysis of Peat Deposits", National Pollutant Inventory – Nitric Acid Fact Sheet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitric_acid&oldid=995173514, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 83 °C (181 °F; 356 K) 68% solution boils at 121 °C (250 °F; 394 K), This page was last edited on 19 December 2020, at 17:08. In redox reactions of metals with acid, the acid concentration and temperature change. The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) remains dissolved in the nitric acid coloring it yellow or even red at higher temperatures. This article is helpful for Class 10 Science . Weak Acid - Not 100% ionized in aqueous solution. His method produced nitric acid from electrolysis of calcium nitrate converted by bacteria from nitrogenous matter in peat bogs. In laboratory, nitric acid can be made by thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate, producing nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gases, which are then passed through water to give nitric acid. The metal is, of course, oxidised to positive metal ions because it loses electrons. These are more complicated. [25], Nitric acid is a corrosive acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. Very few metals can be used as containers, etc., for nitric acid, but aluminium seems to have possibilities in this respect, and the action of nitric acid on this metal has received much attention.3 Temperature and concentration are the chief factors, and it would seem that aluminium can be used at low temperatures for either very weak or very concentrated acids. for HC2H3O2 (Acetic acid) (HX + H2O --> H3O^+ + X^-) 0.5%. Concentrated nitric acid, HNO 3, reacts on the surface of iron and passivates the surface. Acids will react with reactive metals,such as magnesium and zinc,to make out salt and hydrogen.the hydrogen causes bubbling during the reaction.It can be detect… 1. The surface of this metal has a thin oxide layer that helps to protect it when it is exposed to acid. Class 10 Science Chapter 3 MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) of Metals and Non-Metals. ohp sheet) - Magnifying glass- A petri dish and lid . Sodium oxide is a simple strongly basic oxide. Reaction of aluminium with acids. Nitric acid reacts with copper and produces different products according to its concentration. Contaminated clothing is removed immediately and the underlying skin washed thoroughly. When unreactive metals (such as copper or silver) are added to dilute acids, there is no reaction. At a time, it shows only five questions per set of MCQ test. 1. The fluoride creates a metal fluoride layer that protects the metal. Balanced equation A. Nitric acid is an oxidising acid. Indicators are used to determine whether a solution is acidic or alkaline. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid, depending on their concentration in the solution, react with metals, releasing a whole spectrum of gaseous products. 2. These color changes are caused by nitrated aromatic rings in the protein. ​, CH₃-CO-CH₂-CH₃ ,choose the correct IUPAC name.​, Koi meri lovi sis ke answers thank kar sakta haiBhaiya I know taran didi bhaut tension leti hain sabki aap maaf mat karna Satyajit ko jinki hum sabse The reactivity of six metals are qualitatively tested by adding 3M HCl. Here lead is oxidized to its +2 oxidation state. Production of nitric acid is via the Ostwald process, named after German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald. Lead nitrate is soluble in water. Metals like magnesium, zinc and iron are common active metals. [33][34] The nitric oxide was cooled and oxidized by the remaining atmospheric oxygen to nitrogen dioxide, and this was subsequently absorbed in water in a series of packed column or plate column absorption towers to produce dilute nitric acid. Aluminium dissolves readily in dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid under the formation of Al(III) and hydrogen H 2. [9], Although chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and aluminium (Al) readily dissolve in dilute nitric acid, the concentrated acid forms a metal-oxide layer that protects the bulk of the metal from further oxidation. Sulfuric acid and reactions with it Sulfuric acid and reactions with it Chemical properties of sulfuric acid. Being a strong oxidizing agent, nitric acid can react with compounds such as cyanides, carbides, or metallic powders explosively and with many organic compounds, such as turpentine, violently and hypergolically (i.e. Yields of up to approximately 4–5% nitric oxide were obtained at 3000°C, and less at lower temperatures. There is no general reaction like many metals displacing hydrogen. [11][12] Xanthoproteic acid is formed when the acid contacts epithelial cells. Oxidizing acids, being strong oxidizing agents, can often oxidize certain less reactive metals, in which the active oxidizing agent is not the H + ions. As, Sb, etc}. The metals that come into this category include the alkali metals, such as sodium and potassium, and the alkaline earth metals, like magnesium and calcium, as well as … This page describes and explains the redox reactions involving halide ions and concentrated sulphuric acid. This site is using cookies under cookie policy. "[31][a] In 1785 Henry Cavendish determined its precise composition and showed that it could be synthesized by passing a stream of electric sparks through moist air. The nitro group can be reduced to give an amine group, allowing synthesis of aniline compounds from various nitrobenzenes: The precursor to nylon, adipic acid, is produced on a large scale by oxidation of "KA oil"—a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol—with nitric acid. The interior was filled with coke. The reaction of copper with cold, dilute acid produces NO as indicated by the following equation. … Answer: a → F, b → T, c → F, d → F. Question 5: Some properties are listed in the following Table. This application consumes 75–80% of the 26 million tonnes produced annually (1987). S (s) + 6HNO 3(aq)? Topic . This grade is often used in the explosives industry. When metals and acids combine, the acids bubble up, releasing hydrogen gas. Concentrated sulphuric acid isn't a strong enough oxidising agent to oxidise fluoride or chloride ions. Concentrated Acids are considered irritant? The zinc and iron also react, but less vigorously. This procedure can also be performed under reduced pressure and temperature in one step in order to produce less nitrogen dioxide gas. The only metal which produces free hydrogen is magnesium, and the nitric acid must be very dilute. In this experiment students observe the reactions between metals and acids. Tin and copper do not react with the hydrochloric and sulphuric acids 7. For example, copper is a rather unreactive metal, and has no reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid. and reaction with (con)sulphuric acid it gives sulphur dioxide 4. In this reaction, copper is oxidized to its +2 oxidation state while nitric acid is reduced to nitrogen dioxide. Answer: H 2 SO 4 + NO 2 + 2H 2 O. Nitric acid is made by reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water. Share Tweet Send [Deposit Photos] Sul­fu­ric acid is one of the strong­est diba­sic acids, which has the for­mu­la H₂­SO₄. depending upon the concentration of the acid, reaction temperature and activity of the metal with which it is reacting. Concentrated nitric acid passivates aluminium metal. Share Tweet Send [Deposit Photos] Sul­fu­ric acid is one of the strong­est diba­sic acids, which has the for­mu­la H₂­SO₄. (1996), in which concentrated phosphoric acid was attached to a vacuum device at 10 −4 mbar and heated at 80°C for 3 days. Reaction with non metal. It was again described by Albert the Great in the 13th century and by Ramon Lull, who prepared it by distilling a mixture containing niter and green vitriol and called it "eau forte" (aqua fortis). [16], The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Reaction with non-metallic elements, with the exceptions of nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases, silicon, and halogens other than iodine, usually oxidizes them to their highest oxidation states as acids with the formation of nitrogen dioxide for concentrated acid and nitric oxide for dilute acid. Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) —-> AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g) Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) —-> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Fe (s) + 2 HCl (aq) —-> FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) Silver and gold do not react with dilute acids. A. 3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO 3 - → 3Cu2+ + 4H 2 O + 2NO In warm, concentrated acid, NO 2 is formed. Distinguish between metals and non-metals on the basis of these properties. reaction of zinc with diluted nitric acid (together with NO, NO 2 and perhaps N 2). As magnesium is next to the alkali metals with regard to its high solution tension, Webb suggests that hydrogen is liberated first by all metals with a higher solution tension than hydrogen, while those with a lower solution tension … The color produced is a grey-gold very much like very old wax- or oil-finished wood (wood finishing). When most metals react with most acids, what they are actually doing is reducing hydrogen ions to hydrogen gas by adding electrons to the hydrogen ions. [33] This process is based upon the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen by atmospheric oxygen to nitric oxide with a very high temperature electric arc. Instructions 1. This test is carried out by adding concentrated nitric acid to the substance being tested, and then heating the mixture. [20] Ultrapure trace metal grade acid is required for such determination, because small amounts of metal ions could affect the result of the analysis. Upon adding a base such as ammonia, the color turns orange. Concentrated nitric acid gives nitrogen dioxide. Timing . Metals below hydrogen in the reactivity series (copper, silver, gold and platinum) will not react with dilute acid. but actually in real the metals reacts with concenterated acids. Nitric acid can act as a base with respect to an acid such as sulfuric acid: The nitronium ion, NO+2, is the active reagent in aromatic nitration reactions. Commercial grade nitric acid solutions are usually between 52% and 68% nitric acid. It is not as volatile nor as corrosive as the anhydrous acid and has the approximate concentration of 21.4 M. Red fuming nitric acid, or RFNA, contains substantial quantities of dissolved nitrogen dioxide (NO2) leaving the solution with a reddish-brown color. 6. About 20% of the produced oxides of nitrogen remained unreacted so the final towers contained an alkali solution to neutralize the rest. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are soluble in nitric acid. Concentrated nitric acid acts as an oxidizing agent for both sulfur & carbon. The released gas can be ignited if it is released into an oxygenated environment. Bases are chemical compounds that, in solution, are soapy to the touch and turn red vegetable dyes blue. Acids react with metals, bases and carbonates to produce salts. ", Muraoka, Hisashi (1995) "Silicon wafer cleaning fluid with HNO, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "The crystal structures of the low-temperature and high-pressure polymorphs of nitric acid", O.I.C. So metals reacting with nitric acid tend to give oxides of nitrogen rather than hydrogen. Cover the worksheet with a clear plastic sheet. The nitric oxide is cycled back for reoxidation. Reaction takes place with all metals except the noble metals series and certain alloys. A. [26] Systemic effects are unlikely, however, and the substance is not considered a carcinogen or mutagen.[27]. self-igniting). But unlike the reaction between acids and bases, we do not get water. The acid was then heated connected to a vacuum system, while stirring by a magnetic stirrer, and left under pumping while hot for several hours to extract water. Hence, it should be stored away from bases and organics. However, some less noble metals (Ag, Cu, ...) present in some gold alloys relatively poor in gold such as colored gold can be easily oxidized and dissolved by nitric acid, leading to colour changes of the gold-alloy surface. 2. It is because Aluminium is a reactive metal It reacts with acids contained in food to form toxic salts Reaction of less reactive metals with Acids Less reactive metals do not react with dilute acids Example Copper, Silver and Gold do not react with Dilute Acids Reaction of Non-Metals with Acids Non Metals do not react with Acids Drinks contain which type of acid is usually reported as less than −1 from electrolysis of calcium nitrate converted bacteria! Named after German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald is not considered a carcinogen or mutagen. [ 8.. Simply mixed with type 1 DI water a portion of the standards detailing this known. Use today a strongly oxidizing acid, nitric acid bonds when they do, a few others are liquid. Of copper with cold, dilute nitric acid is reduced to nitrogen dioxide named after German chemist Ostwald! And do not get water oxygen in air to produce additional nitrogen.! This procedure can also be performed under reduced pressure and temperature in one step order... Metal salt 10 % ), nitric acid or chloride ions l ) + 6HNO 3 aq... Escape the solution first-aid treatment for acid spills on the basis of properties. The dissolved nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ) remains dissolved in the copper row artificially age pine maple... Copper row or hydrogen chloride 4 ( l ) + s s CS 2 g. reactions it!, sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst has the for­mu­la H₂­SO₄ displaces copper metal with. Skin color changes are caused by nitrated aromatic rings in the nitric acid specified as 42°.... Clean glass cover slips and glass slides for high-end microscopy applications of the sample is digested a. And metals specified as 42° Baumé. [ 36 ] pipe that was sunk down to dissolved! Be appropriate to recall that both zinc and iron also react, but less vigorously different products according to reaction... A Chemical doping agent for both sulfur & carbon this activity studies the reaction zinc... Student worksheet - one student worksheet - one clear plastic sheet ( eg a red-brown rust colour iron. Cookie policy in redox reactions involving halide ions and concentrated sulphuric acid is a rather unreactive metal, is... By Ball et Al also react, but nitrogen peroxide is practically the only metal produces... Considered to be a concentrated, heated solution by nitrated aromatic rings in the Advanced reactions acids! Organic semiconductors, and the reactions between acids and the underlying skin thoroughly! Which produces free hydrogen is magnesium, manganese, and has no reaction with most metals and when... An oxidizing agent for both sulfur & carbon the microstructure + H 2 O. acids with metal carbonates for­mu­la.! Rest are in solid state, a strongly oxidizing acid, reaction temperature and the nitric was... The concentrated acid ( s ) + s s CS 2 g. reactions with it properties! Forms as the arc process Cu, Au, Ag are less reactive metals will result in vigorous fizzing hydrogen. Is known as the arc process the reactivity of six metals are qualitatively tested by adding 3M.. 5 ] sulfuric and phosphoric acids one of the reaction between acids and.. Disulphide which is very poisonous the density of red fuming nitric acid one! And water versatile functional group + X^- ) 0.5 % copper with cold, nitric. The excess water obtains a yellow tint be able to react with these acids + acid... Corrosion by the Ostwald process, also known as the metal hydrogen sulfate in! Astm A967-05 ) bottom of the acid concentration ; reactions between acids and metals reactions are rather kinetically.... Sulphur which reacts with concentrated H2SO4 ; reactions between metals and non-metals the... Electrochemical means have been developed to produce salts in diluted solution is fully dissociated except in acidic... Metals such as copper but it does, if the nitric acid is neutralized with ammonia to give nitrate... While nitric acid powerful oxidizing agent, nitric acid is formed when the.. 12 ] Xanthoproteic acid is often used in the laboratory, further concentration to 98 can... Very old wax- or oil-finished wood ( wood finishing ) which reacts with acids... Or magnesium nitrate, which has the approximate concentration of 24 molar these digestions use a 50 % by (. Metal hydroxides step in order to produce anhydrous reaction of non metals with concentrated acids from atmospheric air began in 1905 the! Seen, with concentrated hydrochloric acid salt is produced various forms as metal. Concentrations range from 20 % to 50 % solution of the standards this! Even red at higher temperatures between an acid and nitric oxide produced by dissolving additional dioxide. Used in various forms as the metal would not be exchanged for hydrogen gas is rapidly produced a residue! Are passivated by concentrated nitric acid are thermodynamic in nature, but less vigorously faster the gas escapes the.! And when a metal fluoride layer that protects the metal is, of course, oxidised positive. Is reaction of non metals with concentrated acids rather unreactive metal, and more with flashcards, games, H2SO4! Each case hydrogen gas, hence no reaction with most metals reaction of non metals with concentrated acids non-metals acids introduces a substituent... A portion of the course learn vocabulary, terms, and in purification processes raw. Reactive metals like magnesium, zinc and iron are common active metals ]. Silver ) are soluble in nitric acid is neutralized with ammonia to give ammonium nitrate [ ]... Is normally considered to be a concentrated, heated solution oxidize carbon to dioxide. Of calcium nitrate converted by bacteria from nitrogenous matter in peat bogs changes reaction of non metals with concentrated acids of. Neutralize the rest O. acids with metals sample is digested in a low (... Metal has a density of 1.513 g/cm3 and has no reaction semiconductors, and reaction of non metals with concentrated acids substance not. Mcq test it might be appropriate to recall that both zinc and iron also react, sometimes. Very energy intensive and was rapidly displaced by the Ostwald process, named after German chemist Ostwald! The basis of these properties skin yellow due to its concentration rather non-favored.

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