It is ideally suited for the control of fungus gnat larvae (Bradysia spp.) Western flower thrips has a punching-sucking feeding habit, using the mandible to punch a hole into the host and then inserting the maxillae into the opening. Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a native insect of the western part of North America that was first reported in 1895.In the 1970s and early 1980s, this species spread throughout North America (Beshear 1983). Pre-pupa 6. 0000005750 00000 n Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Description: Western flower thrips are slender, very small insects, about 0.03 inch long when mature. However, the primary damage caused by WFT is the transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) to tomato plants. 0000054512 00000 n Certain biological attributes of this insect predispose it to be a direct pest across a wide range of crops. White net-like blemishes and silvering on nectarine fruits, formetanate hydrochloride (Carzol) - minimize bee hazard by spraying before bees are placed in the orchard; apply late evening or at night if fruit trees are blooming. Western flower thrips overwinter as adults in weeds, grasses, alfalfa, and other hosts, either in the orchard floor or nearby. This insect order is composed exclusively of tiny insects commonly called thrips, and includes more than 7,000 species. The female varies from yellow to dark brown, and has a more rounded abdomen. Adult WFT are about 1/16th of an inch long, and are long and narrow shaped, like grass seed. Western flower thrips may be confused with Frankliniella williamsi (Hood), which primarily infests grasses, especially corn. Adult western flower thrips are minute, slender-bodied insects possessing two pairs of long, narrow wings, the margins of which are fringed with long hairs. 4. 0000001917 00000 n Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Greenhouse producers typically apply pesticides as mixtures to mitigate western flower thrips populations; however, there is limited information available on the compatibility and efficacy of commonly used pesticide mixtures. 0000010581 00000 n This IPM-based program involves monitoring, early treatment, good spray coverage and good housekeeping practices. The life cycle consists of five stages: egg, larval, prepupal, pupal and adult. Rose petals may develop dark streaks and spots from feeding injury that occurred before the buds opened, or the flower buds may deform and fail to open. Soak gladiolus corms in the liquid and plant while still wet to prevent thrips. Western flower thrips are slender, about 0.03 inch (0.8 mm) long insects when mature. 0000017664 00000 n H�\��n�@��~�9&�����B�g#q�-� {�ZZ�e�o�SSV�Z$3�O���r����vt��Z���m��v}��N��y嚶�(חc_����~�eߝ��r�ʟi�6w��n���X�߇&m��~m��{�7i��O�����>�*�s���&��c�c���,}Vn��>�"v���������P,���l�:]�U������g����8H���|�oS\�r���u�~�ƙjA�|՚z ��U�úiI�5Ӓ4륥Xz�����s芺���Z��ll^��ި ��̞�̞�̞�%i2{0y. The larval stage (see Figure 2) c… Some good predators include pirate bugs, lacewings, and lady bugs. 0000009048 00000 n These nymphs look like their parents but wingless. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originated in western North America and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the US and around the world.F. 1. 0000002984 00000 n 0000004657 00000 n Western flower thrips acquire the virus as first instar larvae, and retain it for the remainder of their lives. • Use reduced-risk insecticides to conserve minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus, populations in pepper. Description, Biology, Life Cycle, Damage, Common Names, Images. Oviposition blisters 3. In early spring, if overwintering sites are disturbed or dry up, thrips migrate to flowering trees and plants and deposit eggs in the tender portions of the host plant, e.g. Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Description: Western flower thrips are slender, very small insects, about 0.03 inch long when mature. 0000016410 00000 n Thrips (Order: Thysanoptera; Family: Thripidae) Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)) Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)) Flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici (Fitch)) Melon thrips (Thrips palmi (Karny)) Description: Adult: The adults are tiny insects, generally measuring only 1 to 2 mm in length. The apex of the second antennal segment is simple. 0000056689 00000 n Adult western flower thrips are approximately 1-2 mm in length and generally yellowish-brown in colour. Comparison between adult western flower thrips (right) and adult Echinothrips (left). trailer <]/Prev 532517>> startxref 0 %%EOF 105 0 obj <>stream Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is still one of the most destructive insect pests of commercial greenhouses feeding on a wide variety of horticultural crops. According to CABI (2014), its current distribution includes: Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka Africa: Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, Reunion, Swaziland, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zimb… First instar nymph. The babies of the western flower thrips also called as nymphs. Females puncture the fruit … Antennae: 8 segments. If there is a very big thrips problem in your area, some plants have resistant varieties. 106); however, the western flower thrips is the more important vector. Colour varies, from reddish-yellow to mid-dark brown. TSWV has a very wide host range, and the only thrips that transmits … 0000050828 00000 n However, thrips larvae are more elongated and worm-like. 0000018222 00000 n Pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconsequens) Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) . The western flower thrips, for example, doubles its population in four days. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) A North American species present in Britain since 1986. The western flower thrip is widely distributed throughout the United States. There are thousands of species of thrips which feed on a wide variety of plants and insects. Certain biological attributes of this insect predispose it to be a direct pest across a wide range of crops. Thrips - General Life Cycle . Adult western flower thrips can be distinguished from other insects by their fringed wings, their tubular body shape and color. These crops are grown outdoors but sheltered by clear polythene tunnels during the growing season from about April to October. 0000009227 00000 n The female varies from yellow to dark brown, and has a more rounded abdomen. A suggested limit is 25 thrips/ 50 fruit (PYO) and 5 thrips/ 50 fruit (shipping) in New Brunswick, in Quebec- 2- 10% of fruit with bronzing. Because the immature stages usually remain on one plant and do not move to other plants, most of the spread of the virus is by the adult stage as they fly or are carried by wind currents. 0000043091 00000 n They feed by a “punch and suck” method, whereby they push their mouth cone into plant tissue or pollen, and then suck the contents through their straw-like stylets. (a) Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (b) Common blossom thrips, Frankliniella schultzei (c) Chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis. In order to develop controls, it is essential to understand the feeding behavior of these pests. Thrips has an additional weapon in its arsenal: the pupae are often in the soil. 0000005861 00000 n They are generally white when young but brown or black when mature. 0000017271 00000 n Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is still one of the most destructive insect pests of commercial greenhouses feeding on a wide variety of horticultural crops. Adults have 4 feathery wings and vary in color from yellow to dark brown; nymphs are … The eggs are inserted into soft plant tissues, including flowers, leaves, stems and fruit. western flower thrips in tomato. However, western flower thrips is regarded to be a 'pesticide-induced problem', having developed resistance to pesticides from different chemical classes. ���UA�O@1!%% �Pf` �3�]�� ��"� ����cS��/����� ���� �|�{�X �Xײ���gaA����SX�1�0F�=c��|��f�'�U��@�f2��{̠���8����"Ɖ���v&���~0�elf�a,C��k��"� (ƅS endstream endobj 58 0 obj <>>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 61 0 obj <>stream Utah State University sites use cookies. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) originated in western North America and has since become a major pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops across the US and around the world.F. 0000018808 00000 n 2.1. The western flower thrip is widely distributed throughout the United States. They can be mistaken for leafhopper and Campylomma nymphs, which are about the same size and color. Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. 0000062984 00000 n Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips, is a representative of the order Thysanoptera. You can plant various flowers to attract beneficial insects that are natural predators to thrips. 0000056380 00000 n Western Flower Thrips has several crop hosts including: peanuts, tomatoes, lettuce, celery, peppers, peas, onions, apples and grapes. 0000038185 00000 n Western flower thrips. ThresholdsWestern Flower Thrips There are no thresholds established for Ontario. 0000049868 00000 n The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) develops in six stages: egg, two larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. Larvae are about 1/50 inch long and 1/75 inch wide, translucent white to yellow, and tubular in shape. 0000001276 00000 n Thrips rasp the surface of the fruit as they feed, and their feeding weakens flowers and fruit stems. Females are about 1/25 of an inch long and have many color forms. By continuing to use this site you accept our privacy and cookie policy. In the past 30 years, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), has become one of the most important agricultural pests worldwide. They have thin bodies and vary in color from near black to Even though western flower thrips can transmit plant viruses to some crops, apples are not affected. At 20°C, development from egg to adult takes approximately 19 days. In the 1970s and early 1980s, this species spread throughout North America (Beshear 1983). and thrips species that spend a portion of their life cycle in the soil or potting media. shoots, buds, and flower … 0000015122 00000 n WFT damage potential is due not only to its ability to directly damage greenhouse-grown crops by feeding on leaves and flowers, but also because they may vector destructive tospoviruses. The pathogen was discovered on tomatoes in 1915 in Australia, and has been spreading around the world ever since. It feeds on a number of plants and occasionally damages tree fruit. Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips, is a key pest of glasshouses, greenhouses and polytunnels.. Thrips can be difficult for growers to detect due to their small size and tendency for hiding within the concealed parts of the plant. 0000020084 00000 n Conserve minute pirate bug ( Orius spp. effective predators females of F. are... Which feed on plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor eggs are inserted into soft plant tissues well. And difficult to distinguish without magnification, development from egg to adult takes approximately 19 days more thrips damage in! Fruit stems overfertilize plants, as this can lead to more thrips damage and one these. 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